- 問題
- 解説
- 第1段落
- Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it.
- Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time.
- An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves.
- Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
- 第2段落
- Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish.
- That risk lies in falling prey to what some call “the savior complex.”
- This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others.
- It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
- 第3段落
- 第4段落
- All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?”
- If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction.
- You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
- 第5段落
- I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help.
- The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world.
- The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence.
- She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade.
- And then she had a stroke.
- 第6段落
- While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) with a walker, which she would need after her first stroke.
- To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors.
- But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor.
- So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat.
- She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help.
- By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
- 第1段落
問題
次の文章を読み, 下の設問(1)~(3)に答えなさい。
Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it. Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time. An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves. Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish. That risk lies in falling prey to what some call (a)“the savior complex.” This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others. It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
While this is a genuine problem, we should not let the real pitfalls of the savior complex extinguish one of the most humane instincts there is — the instinct to lend a hand. The trick is to help others without believing yourself to be, or acting like you are, their savior.
(b)All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?” If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction. You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help. The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world. The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence. She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade. And then she had a stroke.
While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) a walker, which she would need after her first stroke. To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors. But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor. So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat. She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help. By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
(1) 下線部(a)はどのようなものか。本文に即して日本語で説明しなさい。解答欄に収まる長さにすること。
(2) 下線部(b)を和訳しなさい。
(3) 空欄( ア )~( オ )に入る最も適切な語句を以下の中から選び, 番号を記入しなさい。同じ語句は一度しか使用したはならない。
| ① begin with | ② come in for | ③ deny |
| ④ live there with | ⑤ recognize | ⑥ retain |
解説
第1段落
Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it.
Luckily for all of us, many peopleS1 are interested inV1 helping othersO1; someS2 devoteV2 their careers and livesA toto itB.
幸せに私たちの全てにとって, 多くの人々S1は他人を助けることO1に興味を持っているV1。いくつかS2は彼らのキャリアと生活AをそれBに捧げるV2。
皆にとって幸福なことに, 多くの人々は, 他人を手助けすることに関心を持っており, 自分の職業や人生を捧げる人もいる。
Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time.
Not everyoneS1 isV1 so inclinedC1, of course, and most peopleS2 areV2 self-interestedC2 at least some of the time.
全員ではないS1がとても傾向があるC1, もちろん, そして, ほとんどの人々S2は少なくともいくつかのとき自分に興味を持っているC2。
もちろん, 全ての人がそれほどまでに関心を持っているというわけではなく, ほとんどの人は少なくとも利己的になるときがある。
An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves.
An evolutionary biologist or psychologistS might sayV that weS’ areV’ always self-interestedC’, and that our effortS” to help others isV” simply our attemptC” to feel good about ourselves.
進化生物学者と心理学者Sは, 私たちS’はいつも自分に興味を持っているC’ということと, 他人を助けるための私たちの努力S”は単に私たちについて良いと感じるための私たちの試みC”だということを言うかもしれないV。
私たちは常に利己的であり, 他人を助ける努力は自分たちが良い気分になるための手段にすぎないと, 進化生物学者や心理学者は言うかもしれない。
Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of usS help outV our colleaguesO, familyO, friendsO, and even strangersO.
私たちのモチベーションに関わらず, しかし, 私たちの驚くべき数Sは, 私たちの同僚O, 家族O, 友達O, 見知らぬ人Oさえhelp outするV。
しかし, 動機がどうであれ, 非常に多くの人々は, 自分の同僚や家族, 友達, 時には見知らぬ人でさえ, 手助けをする。
第2段落
Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish.
- althoughの後ろに, 主語 + be動詞の省略。
- in doingは「~するとき」
Although admirableC’, there isV a riskS in helping others, which is related toV” the possibilityO” that helpingS”’ can actually beV”’ selfishC”’.
称賛的C’であるが, 他人を助けるときにリスクSがあるV。そしてそれは, 助けることS”’は実は自己中心的C”’になりうるV”’という可能性O”と関係するV”。
立派な行為ではあるが, 他人を助ける際には危険性もある。そしてそれは, 助けることは実際には自己中心的な行為になりうるという可能性と関連している。
That risk lies in falling prey to what some call “the savior complex.”
- lie in A = consist in A「Aにある, 存在する」
- fall prey to Aのところが難しい。普通に考えて, fall preyで「獲物を落とす」だが, 実はfallは他動詞の用法はない。fallV asleepCと同じ用法で, fallV preyCで「獲物Cの状態になるV」のような意味。よって, fall prey to A「Aの犠牲になる」などと訳せる。そこまで細かく調べなくても, 前後からざっくり意味が分かればよい。
That riskS lies inV falling preyO to what some call “the savior complex.”
あのリスクSは, いわゆる「セイバーコンプレックス」に対して獲物に落ちることOにあるV。
この危険性は, いわゆる「救世主コンプレックス」と言われる状況に陥ることにある。
This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others.
ThisS isV just what itS’ soundsV’ like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe youS” areV” the expertC” who can suddenly appearV”’ to save others.
これSはただそれS’がそのように聞こえるV’ものだ。あなたS”は他人を救うために突然現れることができるV”’ようなエキスパートC”だとあなたが信じるような世界に対する態度やスタンス。
これが意味するところは, 読んで字のごとくである。つまり, ある世界に対する態度や考え方のことであり, その世界では, 自分は他人を救うために突然現れる人助けの専門家だと思い込んでいる。
It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
ItS isV an uneven approachC to helping, in which the helperS’ believesV’ he or sheS” hasV”1 all of the answersO”1, knowsV”2 just what to doO”2, and that the person or groupS”’ in need has been waiting forV”’ a saviorO”’ to come alongto do.
それSは助けることに対する平らでないアプローチCだ。そしてその中で, 助ける人S’は, 彼や彼女S”は答えの全てO”1を持ちV”1, ただすべきことO”2を知るV”2ということと, 必要性の中の人やグループS”’は, 救う人O”’がcome alongすることto doを待ってきたV”’ということを信じるV’。
それは手助けの際の公平な取り組み方ではない。助ける側は, 自分はすべての答えを持っており, 何をすべきかを知っており, 困っている人々や集団はみな, 救世主が現れるのをずっと待っていると思い込んでしまっている。
第3段落
While this is a genuine problem, we should not let the real pitfalls of the savior complex extinguish one of the most humane instincts there is — the instinct to lend a hand.
- pitfall「落とし穴」は, 学術的な文章の中でも意外と比喩で出てくるので, 覚えておく。
While thisS’ isV’ a genuine problemC’, weS should not letV the real pitfallsO of the savior complex extinguish onedo of the most humane instincts there isV” — the instinct to lend a hand.
これS’は真の問題C’である一方で, 私たちSはセイバーコンプレックスの本物の落とし穴Oに, 存在するV”ような最も人間的な本能の一つを消すことdoをさせるべきではないV。つまり, 手を貸すための本能。
これは実に問題であるが, 救世主コンプレックスという目に見える落とし穴に気を取られて, 人に手を差し伸べるという, 存在する中で最も人間らしい本能の一つを消してしまうべきではない。
The trick is to help others without believing yourself to be, or acting like you are, their savior.
The trickS isV to help othersC without believingv1 yourselfo1 to beto be, or acting like yous1 arev2, their saviorc.
トリックSは, 彼らの救世主cであるとあなた自身o1を信じるv1ことか, であるv2ように行動することなしに他人を助けることcだ。
対処法は, 自分を救世主だと信じ込んだり, 救世主であるかのように振舞ったりせずに, 他人を助けることだ。
第4段落
All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?”
- All of which is to sayは実はイディオムで, 「要するに」のような意味になるが, 知らなくてよい。「そのすべては, ~と言うことだ」という直訳から, 何となく前文の言い換えっぽいと分かるぐらいでよい。what is to say「つまり」の変形だと分かればさらによい。
- matter = count = make difference「重要である」
All of whichS isV to sayC that how you help mattersV’ just as much as that you do help, which is why itS” isV” essentialC” to beginS” by asking, “How can I help?”
そのすべてSは, どのようにあなたが助けるかということは, あなたが実際に助けるということと同じくらい重要であるV’ということを言うことCだ。そしてそれは, なぜ「私はどのように助けられるか?」と尋ねることによって始めることS”が大切C”かという理由だ。
つまり, 手助けの「方法」が, 実際に手助けすること「そのもの」と同じくらい重要である。だからこそ, 「どのようにお手伝いしましょうか?」という問いかけから始めることが重要である。
If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction.
If youS’ start withV’ this questionO’, youS are askingV, with humility, for direction.
もしあなたS’がこの質問O’から始めるV’ならば, あなたSは謙虚さとともに, 指示のために尋ねているV。
この問いかけから始めたら, 指示を謙虚に仰いでいることになる。
You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
- affordの用法はafford to do「~する余裕がある」しか知らないが, affordのあとにthem, opportunityと名詞が2つ続いていることから, SVO1O2の文型を取っていることに注目。あとは文脈でaffor = giveと予想してもよいが, そもそもSVO1O2はO1にO2を「与える」の意味がほとんどであると知っておくとよい。
- in charge (of A)「(Aを)担当して」は基本イディオム。remain C「Cのままである」のCの部分にin chargeが来ている。
YouS1 are recognizingV1 that othersS’ areV’ expertsC’ in their own lives, and youS2 are affordingV2 themO21 the opportunityO22 to remain in charge, even if youS” are providingV” some helpO”.
あなたS1は他人S’は彼ら自身の生活の中でエキスパートC’であるということを認めていV1て, そしてあなたS2は彼らO21にin chargeであり続けるための機会O22をaffordしているV2。たとえもしあなたS”がある助けO”を供給しているV”としても。
他人はその人の人生における専門家であるということを認識していることになり, たとえある程度手助けをしたとしても, 彼らに自分の人生に責任を持ち続ける機会を与えている。
第5段落
I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help.
- underscoreは, underlineと同じように, 「下線を引いて強調する」という意味。underestimate「下に見積もる, 過小評価する」と真逆の意味になるので注意。
IS recently heardV a great storyO on The Moth, which underscoredV’ the importanceO’ of asking how youS” can helpV”.
私Sは最近The Mothの上ですばらしいストーリーOを聞いたV。そしてそれは, どのようにあなたS”が手伝えるV”かということを尋ねることの重要性O’をunderscoreしたV’。
私は最近, モスですばらしい話を聞いた。そこでは, 手助けの「方法」を尋ねることの重要性が強調されていた。
The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world.
The MothS isV a radio program and podcastC that featuresV’ true storiesO’, told live by people from around the world.
The MothSは, 世界中から人々によってライブで語られる, 真実の話O’を特集するV’ようなラジオプログラムとポッドキャストCだ。
モスは, 現実の話を特集するラジオ番組またはポッドキャストであり, 世界中の人々によって生で語られる。
The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence.
The storiesS areV fascinatingC, includingV’ a recent oneO’ from a woman in her eighties, who explainedV” how sheS”’ valuedV”’ her independenceO”’.
その話Sは魅力的Cだ。そして80代の女性からの最近のそれO’を含むV’。そして彼女は, どのように彼女S”’が彼女の独立性O”’を評価したV”’かということを説明したV”。
それらの話は魅力的で, 80歳の女性によって語られた最近の話もある。その話の中で彼女は, いかに独力で生きることが重要かを説明した。
She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade.
SheS lovedV the factO that sheS’ had always taken care ofV’ herselfO’ and that sheS” could still doV” so into her eighth decade.
彼女Sは, 彼女S’はいつも彼女自身O’を世話してきたV’という, そして彼女S”は彼女の8番目の10年の中へいまだにそのようにできたV”という事実Oを愛したV。
彼女は, これまで常に自分のことは自分でやり, 80代に入ってもなお同じやり方で生きていけることを, 誇りに思っていた。
And then she had a stroke.
And then sheS hadV a strokeO.
そしてそれから彼女Sは脳卒中Oを持ったV。
そんな矢先に彼女は脳卒中になった。
第6段落
While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) with a walker, which she would need after her first stroke.
- (ア)の選択肢は, ①begin with, ②come in for, ③deny, ④live there with, ⑤recognize, ⑥retain。walkerを人だと思ったとしても, 迷うとしたら②くらい。④を入れたらきれいすぎるくらいにぴったりなので, ほぼ④で確定。
While sheS’ wasV’ in the hospital, her neighborsS in her New York City apartment building madeV some minor renovationsO to her apartment to makemake ito easierc for her to ( ア ) a walkerto do, which sheS” would needV’ after her first stroke.
彼女S’が病院の中のあいだ, 彼女のニューヨーク市のアパート建物の中の彼女の隣人Sが, 彼女がwalker( ア )することoをより容易cにするmakeために, 彼女のアパートに対していくつかの小さいリノベーションOを作ったV。そしてそれは, 彼女S”が彼女の最初の脳卒中のあとに必要としただろうV”。
入院中, 彼女が住むニューヨーク市のアパートの隣人たちは, 脳卒中のあとに必要となるであろう歩行器で生活しやすいように, アパートの小さな改修を行った。
To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors.
- take abackは知らなくてよい。cordial「心のこもった, 友好的な」は難しいが知っていてもよい。
- (イ)は, おあつらえ向きに選択肢にbegin withがあるので, よっぽどのことが無ければこれで確定。
To ( イ ), sheS was taken abackV, as sheS’ wasV’ cordialC’1 but not good friendsC’2 with her neighbors.
( イ )するために, 彼女Sはtake abackされたV。彼女S’はcordialC’1だが彼女の隣人と良い友人ではないC’2だったので。
まず初めに, 彼女は驚いた。というのも, 彼女は友好的ではあったが, 隣人と良い友人の関係とまではいかなかったからだ。
But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor.
- 後ろにthat節があるので, recognizeが怪しい。denyもthat節を取りそうだが, 意味がrecognizeと逆なので, that節の中身を見て判断する。
But their gestureS of goodwill inspiredV herO to ( ウ )to do that some dependenceS’ on others could actually enrichV’ her lifeO’, especially if sheS” returnedV” the favorO”.
しかし, 良い意思の彼らのジェスチャーSは, 彼女Oに, 他人に対するある依存S’は, 実は彼女の人生O’をリッチにしうるV’, 特にもし彼女S”が好意O”を返したV”ならば, ということを( ウ )することto doをインスパイアしたV。
しかし, 彼らが善意を示すことによって彼女は, その善意をお返しできる場合は特に, ある程度他人に依存することで実際は人生が豊かになる可能性があるということを認識するようになった。
So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat.
So sheS hungV a signO on her apartment door welcomingwelcome her neighborso to ( エ ) a chatto do.
だから, 彼女Sは彼女のアパートのドアの上に, 彼女の隣人oがチャットを( エ )することto doを歓迎しているwelcomeサインOをhangしたV。
だから彼女は, 自分の部屋のドアに, おしゃべりしに入ってくることを歓迎する印を掲げた。
She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help.
- recountは知らなくてよい。実際は「語る」だが, recollectやrecallと同じと類推してもここでは問題ない。
SheS then recountedV1 how her neighborsS’ often came byV’ to talk and emphasizedV2 with gratitude that, when theyS”’ offered to helpV”’, theyS” always askedV” how theyS”” could helpV””.
彼女Sはそれからどのように彼女の隣人S’がしばしば話すためにcome byしたV’かということをrecountしV1て, 感謝とともに彼らS”’が手助けを申し出たV”’ときに, 彼らS”はいつもどのように彼らS””が助けられるV””かということを尋ねたV”ということを強調したV2。
その後彼女は, 隣人がよく話しに来てくれた様子を語った。そして, 彼らが手伝いを申し出るときはいつも, 「どのように」手助けができるかを常に尋ねてくれたことを, 感謝しながら強調した。
By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
By asking her how theyS’ could helpV’, sheS explainedV, theyS” were allowingV” herO” to ( オ ) her independence and dignityto do.
彼女にどのように彼らS’が助けられるV’かということを尋ねることで, 彼女Sは, 彼らS”は彼女O”が彼女の独立と尊厳を( オ )することto doを可能にしていたV”ということを説明したV。
彼らはどのように手助けできるかを尋ねることで, 自分の自立性や尊厳を保ち続けることができるようにしてくれたと, 彼女は説明した。
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