- 問題
- 解説
- 第1段落
- Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it.
- Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time.
- An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves.
- Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
- 第2段落
- Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish.
- That risk lies in falling prey to what some call “the savior complex.”
- This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others.
- It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
- 第3段落
- 第4段落
- All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?”
- If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction.
- You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
- 第5段落
- I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help.
- The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world.
- The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence.
- She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade.
- And then she had a stroke.
- 第6段落
- While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) a walker, which she would need after her first stroke.
- To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors.
- But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor.
- So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat.
- She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help.
- By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
- 第1段落
問題
次の文章を読み, 下の設問(1)~(3)に答えなさい。
Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it. Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time. An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves. Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish. That risk lies in falling prey to what some call (a)“the savior complex.” This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others. It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
While this is a genuine problem, we should not let the real pitfalls of the savior complex extinguish one of the most humane instincts there is — the instinct to lend a hand. The trick is to help others without believing yourself to be, or acting like you are, their savior.
(b)All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?” If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction. You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help. The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world. The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence. She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade. And then she had a stroke.
While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) a walker, which she would need after her first stroke. To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors. But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor. So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat. She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help. By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
(1) 下線部(a)はどのようなものか。本文に即して日本語で説明しなさい。解答欄に収まる長さにすること。
(2) 下線部(b)を和訳しなさい。
(3) 空欄( ア )~( オ )に入る最も適切な語句を以下の中から選び, 番号を記入しなさい。同じ語句は一度しか使用したはならない。
| ① begin with | ② come in for | ③ deny |
| ④ live there with | ⑤ recognize | ⑥ retain |
解説
第1段落
Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it.
Luckily for all of us, many people are interested in helping others; some devote their careers and lives to it.
幸せに私たちの全てにとって, 多くの人々は他人を助けることに興味を持っている。いくつかは彼らのキャリアと生活をそれに捧げる。
皆にとって幸福なことに, 多くの人々は, 他人を手助けすることに関心を持っており, 自分の職業や人生を捧げる人もいる。
Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time.
Not everyone is so inclined, of course, and most people are self-interested at least some of the time.
全員ではないがとても傾向がある, もちろん, そして, ほとんどの人々は少なくともいくつかのとき自分に興味を持っている。
もちろん, 全ての人がそれほどまでに関心を持っているというわけではなく, ほとんどの人は少なくとも利己的になるときがある。
An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves.
An evolutionary biologist or psychologist might say that we are always self-interested, and that our effort to help others is simply our attempt to feel good about ourselves.
進化生物学者と心理学者は, 私たちはいつも自分に興味を持っているということと, 他人を助けるための私たちの努力は単に私たちについて良いと感じるための私たちの試みだということを言うかもしれない。
私たちは常に利己的であり, 他人を助ける努力は自分たちが良い気分になるための手段にすぎないと, 進化生物学者や心理学者は言うかもしれない。
Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
Regardless of our motivations, however, a remarkable number of us help out our colleagues, family, friends, and even strangers.
私たちのモチベーションに関わらず, しかし, 私たちの驚くべき数は, 私たちの同僚, 家族, 友達, 見知らぬ人さえhelp outする。
しかし, 動機がどうであれ, 非常に多くの人々は, 自分の同僚や家族, 友達, 時には見知らぬ人でさえ, 手助けをする。
第2段落
Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish.
- althoughの後ろに, 主語 + be動詞の省略。
- in doingは「~するとき」
Although admirable, there is a risk in helping others, which is related to the possibility that helping can actually be selfish.
称賛的であるが, 他人を助けるときにリスクがある。そしてそれは, 助けることは実は自己中心的になりうるという可能性と関係する。
立派な行為ではあるが, 他人を助ける際には危険性もある。そしてそれは, 助けることは実際には自己中心的な行為になりうるという可能性と関連している。
That risk lies in falling prey to what some call “the savior complex.”
- lie in A = consist in A「Aにある, 存在する」
- fall prey to Aのところが難しい。普通に考えて, fall preyで「獲物を落とす」だが, 実はfallは他動詞の用法はない。fall asleepと同じ用法で, fall preyで「獲物の状態になる」のような意味。よって, fall prey to A「Aの犠牲になる」などと訳せる。そこまで細かく調べなくても, 前後からざっくり意味が分かればよい。
That risk lies in falling prey to what some call “the savior complex.”
あのリスクは, いわゆる「セイバーコンプレックス」に対して獲物に落ちることにある。
この危険性は, いわゆる「救世主コンプレックス」と言われる状況に陥ることにある。
This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others.
This is just what it sounds like — an attitude or stance toward the world where you believe you are the expert who can suddenly appear to save others.
これはただそれがそのように聞こえるものだ。あなたは他人を救うために突然現れることができるようなエキスパートだとあなたが信じるような世界に対する態度やスタンス。
これが意味するところは, 読んで字のごとくである。つまり, ある世界に対する態度や考え方のことであり, その世界では, 自分は他人を救うために突然現れる人助けの専門家だと思い込んでいる。
It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
It is an uneven approach to helping, in which the helper believes he or she has all of the answers, knows just what to do, and that the person or group in need has been waiting for a savior to come along.
それは助けることに対する平らでないアプローチだ。そしてその中で, 助ける人は, 彼や彼女は答えの全てを持ち, ただすべきことを知るということと, 必要性の中の人やグループは, 救う人がcome alongすることを待ってきたということを信じる。
それは手助けの際の公平な取り組み方ではない。助ける側は, 自分はすべての答えを持っており, 何をすべきかを知っており, 困っている人々や集団はみな, 救世主が現れるのをずっと待っていると思い込んでしまっている。
第3段落
While this is a genuine problem, we should not let the real pitfalls of the savior complex extinguish one of the most humane instincts there is — the instinct to lend a hand.
- pitfall「落とし穴」は, 学術的な文章の中でも意外と比喩で出てくるので, 覚えておく。
While this is a genuine problem, we should not let the real pitfalls of the savior complex extinguish one of the most humane instincts there is — the instinct to lend a hand.
これは真の問題である一方で, 私たちはセイバーコンプレックスの本物の落とし穴に, 存在するような最も人間的な本能の一つを消すことをさせるべきではない。つまり, 手を貸すための本能。
これは実に問題であるが, 救世主コンプレックスという目に見える落とし穴に気を取られて, 人に手を差し伸べるという, 存在する中で最も人間らしい本能の一つを消してしまうべきではない。
The trick is to help others without believing yourself to be, or acting like you are, their savior.
The trick is to help others without believing yourself to be, or acting like you are, their savior.
トリックは, 彼らの救世主であるとあなた自身を信じることか, であるように行動することなしに他人を助けることだ。
対処法は, 自分を救世主だと信じ込んだり, 救世主であるかのように振舞ったりせずに, 他人を助けることだ。
第4段落
All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?”
- All of which is to sayは実はイディオムで, 「要するに」のような意味になるが, 知らなくてよい。「そのすべては, ~と言うことだ」という直訳から, 何となく前文の言い換えっぽいと分かるぐらいでよい。what is to say「つまり」の変形だと分かればさらによい。
- matter = count = make difference「重要である」
All of which is to say that how you help matters just as much as that you do help, which is why it is essential to begin by asking, “How can I help?”
そのすべては, どのようにあなたが助けるかということは, あなたが実際に助けるということと同じくらい重要であるということを言うことだ。そしてそれは, なぜ「私はどのように助けられるか?」と尋ねることによって始めることが大切かという理由だ。
つまり, 手助けの「方法」が, 実際に手助けすること「そのもの」と同じくらい重要である。だからこそ, 「どのようにお手伝いしましょうか?」という問いかけから始めることが重要である。
If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction.
If you start with this question, you are asking, with humility, for direction.
もしあなたがこの質問から始めるならば, あなたは謙虚さとともに, 指示のために尋ねている。
この問いかけから始めたら, 指示を謙虚に仰いでいることになる。
You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
- affordの用法はafford to do「~する余裕がある」しか知らないが, affordのあとにthem, opportunityと名詞が2つ続いていることから, SVO1O2の文型を取っていることに注目。あとは文脈でaffor = giveと予想してもよいが, そもそもSVO1O2はO1にO2を「与える」の意味がほとんどであると知っておくとよい。
- in charge (of A)「(Aを)担当して」は基本イディオム。remain C「Cのままである」のCの部分にin chargeが来ている。
You are recognizing that others are experts in their own lives, and you are affording them the opportunity to remain in charge, even if you are providing some help.
あなたは他人は彼ら自身の生活の中でエキスパートであるということを認めていて, そしてあなたは彼らにin chargeであり続けるための機会をaffordしている。たとえもしあなたがある助けを供給しているとしても。
他人はその人の人生における専門家であるということを認識していることになり, たとえある程度手助けをしたとしても, 彼らに自分の人生に責任を持ち続ける機会を与えている。
第5段落
I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help.
- underscoreは, underlineと同じように, 「下線を引いて強調する」という意味。underestimate「下に見積もる, 過小評価する」と真逆の意味になるので注意。
I recently heard a great story on The Moth, which underscored the importance of asking how you can help.
私は最近The Mothの上ですばらしいストーリーを聞いた。そしてそれは, どのようにあなたが手伝えるかということを尋ねることの重要性をunderscoreした。
私は最近, モスですばらしい話を聞いた。そこでは, 手助けの「方法」を尋ねることの重要性が強調されていた。
The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world.
The Moth is a radio program and podcast that features true stories, told live by people from around the world.
The Mothは, 世界中から人々によってライブで語られる, 真実の話を特集するようなラジオプログラムとポッドキャストだ。
モスは, 現実の話を特集するラジオ番組またはポッドキャストであり, 世界中の人々によって生で語られる。
The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence.
The stories are fascinating, including a recent one from a woman in her eighties, who explained how she valued her independence.
その話は魅力的だ。そして80代の女性からの最近のそれを含む。そして彼女は, どのように彼女が彼女の独立性を評価したかということを説明した。
それらの話は魅力的で, 80歳の女性によって語られた最近の話もある。その話の中で彼女は, いかに独力で生きることが重要かを説明した。
She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade.
She loved the fact that she had always taken care of herself and that she could still do so into her eighth decade.
彼女は, 彼女はいつも彼女自身を世話してきたという, そして彼女は彼女の8番目の10年の中へいまだにそのようにできたという事実を愛した。
彼女は, これまで常に自分のことは自分でやり, 80代に入ってもなお同じやり方で生きていけることを, 誇りに思っていた。
And then she had a stroke.
And then she had a stroke.
そしてそれから彼女は脳卒中を持った。
そんな矢先に彼女は脳卒中になった。
第6段落
While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) a walker, which she would need after her first stroke.
- (ア)の選択肢は, ①begin with, ②come in for, ③deny, ④live there with, ⑤recognize, ⑥retain。walkerを人だと思ったとしても, 迷うとしたら②くらい。④を入れたらきれいすぎるくらいにぴったりなので, ほぼ④で確定。
While she was in the hospital, her neighbors in her New York City apartment building made some minor renovations to her apartment to make it easier for her to ( ア ) a walker, which she would need after her first stroke.
彼女が病院の中のあいだ, 彼女のニューヨーク市のアパート建物の中の彼女の隣人が, 彼女がwalker( ア )することをより容易にするために, 彼女のアパートに対していくつかの小さいリノベーションを作った。そしてそれは, 彼女が彼女の最初の脳卒中のあとに必要としただろう。
入院中, 彼女が住むニューヨーク市のアパートの隣人たちは, 脳卒中のあとに必要となるであろう歩行器で生活しやすいように, アパートの小さな改修を行った。
To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors.
- take abackは知らなくてよい。cordial「心のこもった, 友好的な」は難しいが知っていてもよい。
- (イ)は, おあつらえ向きに選択肢にbegin withがあるので, よっぽどのことが無ければこれで確定。
To ( イ ), she was taken aback, as she was cordial but not good friends with her neighbors.
( イ )するために, 彼女はtake abackされた。彼女はcordialだが彼女の隣人と良い友人ではないだったので。
まず初めに, 彼女は驚いた。というのも, 彼女は友好的ではあったが, 隣人と良い友人の関係とまではいかなかったからだ。
But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor.
- 後ろにthat節があるので, recognizeが怪しい。denyもthat節を取りそうだが, 意味がrecognizeと逆なので, that節の中身を見て判断する。
But their gesture of goodwill inspired her to ( ウ ) that some dependence on others could actually enrich her life, especially if she returned the favor.
しかし, 良い意思の彼らのジェスチャーは, 彼女に, 他人に対するある依存は, 実は彼女の人生をリッチにしうる, 特にもし彼女が好意を返したならば, ということを( ウ )することをインスパイアした。
しかし, 彼らが善意を示すことによって彼女は, その善意をお返しできる場合は特に, ある程度他人に依存することで実際は人生が豊かになる可能性があるということを認識するようになった。
So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat.
So she hung a sign on her apartment door welcoming her neighbors to ( エ ) a chat.
だから, 彼女は彼女のアパートのドアの上に, 彼女の隣人がチャットを( エ )することを歓迎しているサインをhangした。
だから彼女は, 自分の部屋のドアに, おしゃべりしに入ってくることを歓迎する印を掲げた。
She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help.
- recountは知らなくてよい。実際は「語る」だが, recollectやrecallと同じと類推してもここでは問題ない。
She then recounted how her neighbors often came by to talk and emphasized with gratitude that, when they offered to help, they always asked how they could help.
彼女はそれからどのように彼女の隣人がしばしば話すためにcome byしたかということをrecountして, 感謝とともに彼らが手助けを申し出たときに, 彼らはいつもどのように彼らが助けられるかということを尋ねたということを強調した。
その後彼女は, 隣人がよく話しに来てくれた様子を語った。そして, 彼らが手伝いを申し出るときはいつも, 「どのように」手助けができるかを常に尋ねてくれたことを, 感謝しながら強調した。
By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
By asking her how they could help, she explained, they were allowing her to ( オ ) her independence and dignity.
彼女にどのように彼らが助けられるかということを尋ねることで, 彼女は, 彼らは彼女が彼女の独立と尊厳を( オ )することを可能にしていたということを説明した。
彼らはどのように手助けできるかを尋ねることで, 自分の自立性や尊厳を保ち続けることができるようにしてくれたと, 彼女は説明した。
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