京大英語 2021年度 第2問

長文読解
  1. 問題
  2. 解説
    1. 本文第1段落
      1. One of the early significant responses to Charles Darwin’s thinking came from a highly-talented journalist, George Henry Lewes.
      2. Having read a piece by Lewes, Darwin wrote to a friend, saying that the author of that article is “someone who writes capitally, and who knows the subject.”
      3. Indeed, as a modern scholar states, “apart from Thomas Huxley, no other scientific writer dealt with Darwin’s theory with such fairness and knowledge as Lewes” at that time.
      4. Here is what Lewes wrote (with modification) about the background of Darwin’s most famous book:
    2. 引用第1段落
      1. The Origin of Species made an epoch.
      2. It proposed a hypothesis surpassing all its predecessors in its agreement with facts, and in its wide reach.
      3. Because it was the product of long-continued research, and thereby gave articulate expression to the thought which had been inarticulate in many minds, its influence rapidly became European; because it was both old in purpose and novel in conception, it agitated the schools with a revolutionary excitement.
      4. No work of our time has been so general in its influence.
      5. This extent of influence is less due to the fact of its being a masterly work, enriching science with a great discovery, than to the fact of its being a work which clashed against one and chimed with the other of the two great conceptions of the world that have long ruled, and still rule, the minds of Europe.
      6. One side recognized a powerful enemy, the other a mighty champion.
      7. It was immediately evident that the question of the “origin of species” derived its significance from the deeper question which loomed behind it.
      8. What is that question?
    3. 引用第2段落
      1. If we trace the history of opinion from the dawn of science in Greece through all succeeding epochs, we shall observe many constantly-reappearing indications of what may be called an intuitive feeling rather than a distinct vision of the truth that all the varied manifestations of life are but the flowers from a common root — that all the complex forms have been evolved from pre-existing simpler forms.
      2. This idea about evolution survived opposition, ridicule, refutation; and the reason of this persistence is that the idea harmonizes with one general conception of the world which has been called the monistic because it reduces all phenomena to community, and all knowledge to unity.
      3. This conception is irreconcilable with the rival, or dualistic, conception, which separates and opposes force and matter, life and body.
      4. The history of thought is filled with the struggle between these two general conceptions.
      5. I think it may be said that every man is somewhat by his training, and still more by his constitution, predisposed towards the monistic or the dualistic conception.
      6. There can be little doubt that the acceptance or the rejection of Darwinism has, in the vast majority of cases, been wholly determined by the monistic or dualistic attitude of mind.
    4. 引用第3段落
      1. And this explains, what would otherwise be inexplicable, the surprising ease and passion with which men wholly incompetent to appreciate the evidence for or against natural selection have adopted or “refuted” it.
      2. Elementary ignorance of biology has not prevented them from pronouncing very confidently on this question; and biologists with scorn have asked whether men would attack an astronomical hypothesis with no better equipment.
      3. Why not?
      4. They feel themselves competent to decide the question from higher grounds.
      5. Profoundly convinced of the truth of their general conception of the world, they conclude every hypothesis to be true or false, according as it chimes with, or clashes against, that conception.
    5. 引用第4段落
      1. So it has been, so it will long continue.
      2. The development hypothesis is an inevitable deduction from the monistic conception of the world; and will continue to be the battle-ground of contending schools until the opposition between monism and dualism ceases.
      3. For myself, believing in the ultimate triumph of the former, I look on the development hypothesis as one of the great influences which will by its acceptance, in conjunction with the spread of scientific culture, hasten that triumph.
    6. 本文第2段落
      1. Darwin seems to have liked Lewes’s observations on his work, for when he read this and other related pieces, he wrote to the journalist and encouraged him to publish them in a book form.
      2. Although from the point of view of today’s science what he says may be dated, Lewes remains a highly interesting writer.

問題

 次の文章を読み, 下の設問(1)~(3)に答えなさい。

 One of the early significant responses to Charles Darwin’s thinking came from a highly-talented journalist, George Henry Lewes. Having read a piece by Lewes, Darwin wrote to a friend, saying that the author of that article is “someone who writes capitally, and who knows the subject.” Indeed, as a modern scholar states, “apart from Thomas Huxley, no other scientific writer dealt with Darwin’s theory with such fairness and knowledge as Lewes” at that time. Here is what Lewes wrote (with modification) about the background of Darwin’s most famous book:

 The Origin of Species made an epoch. It proposed a hypothesis surpassing all its predecessors in its agreement with facts, and in its wide reach. Because it was the product of long-continued research, and thereby gave articulate expression to the thought which had been inarticulate in many minds, its influence rapidly became European; because it was both old in purpose and novel in conception, it agitated the schools with a revolutionary excitement. No work of our time has been so general in its influence. This extent of influence is less due to the fact of its being a masterly work, enriching science with a great discovery, than to the fact of its being a work which clashed against one and chimed with the other of the two great conceptions of the world that have long ruled, and still rule, the minds of Europe. One side recognized a powerful enemy, the other a mighty champion. It was immediately evident that the question of the “origin of species” derived its significance from the deeper question which loomed behind it. What is that question?
 (a)If we trace the history of opinion from the dawn of science in Greece through all succeeding epochs, we shall observe many constantly-reappearing indications of what may be called an intuitive feeling rather than a distinct vision of the truth that all the varied manifestations of life are but the flowers from a common root — that all the complex forms have been evolved from pre-existing simpler forms. This idea about evolution survived opposition, ridicule, refutation; and the reason of this persistence is that the idea harmonizes with one general conception of the world which has been called the monistic because it reduces all phenomena to community, and all knowledge to unity. This conception is irreconcilable with the rival, or dualistic, conception, which separates and opposes force and matter, life and body. The history of thought is filled with the struggle between these two general conceptions. I think it may be said that every man is somewhat by his training, and still more by his constitution, predisposed towards the monistic or the dualistic conception. There can be little doubt that the acceptance or the rejection of Darwinism has, in the vast majority of cases, been wholly determined by the monistic or dualistic attitude of mind.
 (b)And this explains, what would otherwise be inexplicable, the surprising ease and passion with which men wholly incompetent to appreciate the evidence for or against natural selection have adopted or “refuted” it. Elementary ignorance of biology has not prevented them from pronouncing very confidently on this question; and biologists with scorn have asked whether men would attack an astronomical hypothesis with no better equipment. Why not? They feel themselves competent to decide the question from higher grounds. Profoundly convinced of the truth of their general conception of the world, they conclude every hypothesis to be true or false, according as it chimes with, or clashes against, that conception.
 So it has been, so it will long continue. The development hypothesis is an inevitable deduction from the monistic conception of the world; and will continue to be the battle-ground of contending schools until the opposition between monism and dualism ceases. For myself, believing in the ultimate triumph of the former, I look on the development hypothesis as one of the great influences which will by its acceptance, in conjunction with the spread of scientific culture, hasten that triumph.

 Darwin seems to have liked Lewes’s observations on his work, for when he read this and other related pieces, he wrote to the journalist and encouraged him to publish them in a book form. Although from the point of view of today’s science what he says may be dated, Lewes remains a highly interesting writer.

(1) 文章全体から判断して, 『種の起源』が大きな影響力を持った要因としてLewesが最重要視しているものを, 第2パラグラフ(The Origin of SpeciesからWhat is that question?まで)から選び, 日本語で書きなさい。

(2) 下線部(a)を和訳しなさい。

(3) 下線部(b)を和訳しなさい。

解説

本文第1段落

One of the early significant responses to Charles Darwin’s thinking came from a highly-talented journalist, George Henry Lewes.

英語構造解析

OneS of the early significant responses to Charles Darwin’s thinking cameV from a highly-talented journalist, George Henry Lewes.

日本語構造解析

Charles Darwinの考えに対する初期の重大な反応の一つSは, 高い才能を持ったジャーナリスト, George Henry Lewesから来たV

意訳例

チャールズ・ダーウィンの考えに対する初期の反応のうち重要なものの一つは, 非常に才能を持った新聞記者であるジョージ・ヘンリー・ルイスからの反応だった。

Having read a piece by Lewes, Darwin wrote to a friend, saying that the author of that article is “someone who writes capitally, and who knows the subject.”

英語構造解析

Having readV’ a pieceO’ by Lewes, DarwinS wroteV to a friend, sayingV” that the authorS”’ of that article isV”’someoneC”’ who writesV”” capitally, and who knowsV””’ the subjectO””’.”

日本語構造解析

LewesによるピースO’読んだV’。そしてDarwinS友人に対して書いたVそしてあの記事の著者S”’は, 「主要に書くV””ようなそしてその話題O””’知るV””’ような誰かC”’」であるということ言ったV”

意訳例

ルイスの記事を読み, ダーウィンは友人に手紙を書いた。手紙の中で彼は, その記事の著者は, 「文を上手く書く能力があり, その話題についてよく知っている人」であると評した。

Indeed, as a modern scholar states, “apart from Thomas Huxley, no other scientific writer dealt with Darwin’s theory with such fairness and knowledge as Lewes” at that time.

解説
  • with + 名詞 = 副詞
英語構造解析

Indeed, as a modern scholarS’ statesV’, “apart from Thomas Huxley, no other scientific writerS dealt withV Darwin’s theoryO with such fairness and knowledge as Lewesat that time.

日本語構造解析

確かに, 近代の学者S’述べるV’ように, Thomas Huxleyから離れて, 無の他の科学的筆者Sは, Lewesと同じくらいそのような公平さと知識とともにDarwinの理論O扱ったV」。当時は

意訳例

実際, 現代の学者が指摘するように, 当時は, 「トマス・ハクスリーを除き, ルイスほど公平に, 知識を持ってダーウィンの理論を扱った科学記者はいなかった。」

Here is what Lewes wrote (with modification) about the background of Darwin’s most famous book:

英語構造解析

Here isV what LewesS’ wroteV’ with modification about the background of Darwin’s most famous book:

日本語構造解析

Darwinのもっとも有名な本の背景について修正とともにLewesS’が書いたものここだ。

意訳例

ここに, ダーウィンのもっとも有名な著作の背景について, ルイスが記載したものがある(一部修正してある)。

引用第1段落

The Origin of Species made an epoch.

英語構造解析

The Origin of SpeciesS madeV an epochO.

日本語構造解析

種の起源Sは, 時代O作ったV

意訳例

「種の起源」は, 新時代を築いた。

It proposed a hypothesis surpassing all its predecessors in its agreement with facts, and in its wide reach.

英語構造解析

ItS proposedV a hypothesisO surpassing all its predecessors in its agreement with facts, and in its wide reach.

日本語構造解析

それSその事実との同意の中にそしてその広いリーチの中に, そのすべての先祖を上回る仮説O提示したV

意訳例

それは, 事実との整合性や適用範囲の広さの点で, それまでの全ての先行仮説を凌駕する仮説を提案した。

Because it was the product of long-continued research, and thereby gave articulate expression to the thought which had been inarticulate in many minds, its influence rapidly became European; because it was both old in purpose and novel in conception, it agitated the schools with a revolutionary excitement.

解説
  • articulateは, 形容詞の「明確な」と動詞の「はっきりと述べる」の意味があるので注意。ここでは形容詞で使われている。
  • agitate「~を扇動する」はたまに出るので覚えておく。
英語構造解析

Because itS’ wasV’1 the productC’1 of long-continued research, and thereby gaveV’2 articulate expressionO’2 to the thought which had beenV” inarticulateC” in many minds, its influenceS1 rapidly becameV1 EuropeanC1; because itS”’ wasV”’ both oldC”’1 in purpose and novelC”’2 in conception, itS2 agitatedV2 the schoolsO2 with a revolutionary excitement.

日本語構造解析

それS’長く続かれた研究の製品C’1で, したがって多くの心の中で明確でなかったC”ような考えに対して明確な表現O’2与えたV’2ので, その影響S1急速にヨーロッパ的C1なったV1それS”’目的の中で古くC”’1概念の中で新しいC”’2両方だったので, それS2革命的な興奮とともに学校O2agitateしたV2

意訳例

それは長期にわたる研究の成果であり, 多くの人々にとってはっきりとしなかった考えを明確に書き表していたので, その影響はすぐさまヨーロッパ中に広がった。目的の観点からは古典的で, 概念の観点からは斬新でもあったので, 革命的なほどに学者たちを熱狂させ, 突き動かした。

No work of our time has been so general in its influence.

英語構造解析

No workS of our time has beenV so generalC in its influence.

日本語構造解析

私たちの時間の無の作品Sは, その影響の中でそれほど一般的CあってきたV

意訳例

これほどまでに影響を及ぼす著作は, 現代ではこれまでなかった。

This extent of influence is less due to the fact of its being a masterly work, enriching science with a great discovery, than to the fact of its being a work which clashed against one and chimed with the other of the two great conceptions of the world that have long ruled, and still rule, the minds of Europe.

解説
  • the fact of A doing「Aが~するという事実」の構造をまず確認する。これは, the fact of doing「~するという事実」の動名詞に, 意味上の主語が挿入されただけの基本事項。
  • あとは対比に注意しつつ並列構造を丁寧に見抜く。
英語構造解析

This extentS of influence isV less due to the fact of its being a masterly work, enriching science with a great discovery, than to the fact of its being a work which clashed againstV’1 oneO’1 and chimed withV’2 the otherO’2 of the two great conceptions of the world that have long ruled, and still ruleV”, the mindsO” of Europe.

日本語構造解析

影響のこの程度Sは, それがmasterlyな作品であり, 素晴らしい発見とともに科学を豊かにするという事実のせい以下だ。それがそれO’1clash againV’1て, ヨーロッパのO”長い間支配してきて, いまだに支配するV”ような世界の2つのすばらしい概念の他方O’2chime withしたV’2ような作品であるという事実のせいよりも

意訳例

このように影響が広まったのは, それがすばらしい著作であり, 偉大な発見で科学を豊かにするものであったという事実も一因ではある。しかしむしろ, 当時のヨーロッパの人々を長い間支配し, いまだに支配し続けている2つの主要な世界観の一方と対立し, もう一方と調和する著作であったという事実が原因である。

One side recognized a powerful enemy, the other a mighty champion.

英語構造解析

One sideS1 recognizedV1 a powerful enemyO1, the otherS2 a mighty championO2.

日本語構造解析

一つの側S1強力な敵O1認識したV1他方S2強力なチャンピオンO2を。

意訳例

一方はそれを強力な敵とみなし, もう一方は強力な味方だとみなした。

It was immediately evident that the question of the “origin of species” derived its significance from the deeper question which loomed behind it.

解説
  • deriveは, derive form A「Aに由来する」から, derive A from Bの意味を推測する。「BからAを引き出す」
  • loomは知らなくてよい。
英語構造解析

ItS wasV immediately evidentC that the questionS’ of the “origin of species” derivedV’ its significanceO’ from the deeper question which loomedV” behind it.

日本語構造解析

「種の起源」の質問S’は, その後ろでloomしたV”ようなより深い質問からその重要性O’deriveするV’ということは, すぐに明らかCだった。

意訳例

「種の起源」という問題が, 背後にあるより深い問題の重要性を引き出してくるということが, すぐに明らかとなった。

What is that question?

英語構造解析

What isV that questionS?

日本語構造解析

あの質問Sは何か?

意訳例

その問題とは何か?

引用第2段落

If we trace the history of opinion from the dawn of science in Greece through all succeeding epochs, we shall observe many constantly-reappearing indications of what may be called an intuitive feeling rather than a distinct vision of the truth that all the varied manifestations of life are but the flowers from a common root — that all the complex forms have been evolved from pre-existing simpler forms.

解説
  • but = only
英語構造解析

If weS’ traceV’ the historyO’ of opinion from the dawn of science in Greece through all succeeding epochs, weS shall observeV many constantly-reappearing indicationsO of what may be calledV” an intuitive feelingC” rather than a distinct vision of the truth that all the varied manifestationsS”’ of life areV”’ but the flowersC”’ from a common rootthat all the complex formsS”” have been evolvedV”” from pre-existing simpler forms.

日本語構造解析

もし私たちS’すべての連続している時代を通じてギリシャの中で科学の夜明けから意見の歴史O’跡を辿るV’ならば, 私たちSは, 生命の全ての異なるmanifestationS”’は, 共通の根からのただの花C”’であるという真実の明らかなビジョンというよりむしろ本能の感情C”呼ばれるかもしれないV”もの多くの常に繰り返している指示O観察するはずだV。つまり, 全ての複雑な形態S””以前存在しているよりシンプルな形態から進化してきたV””という

意訳例

ギリシャで科学が始まったときから, その後の全時代を通じて, 考え方の歴史をたどると, ある明確な真実というよりむしろ, いわゆる直観的感覚が, 常に繰り返し指摘されていることが分かるだろう。その真実とは, 全ての異なる生命は, 共通の根から発生した花にすぎないという真実, つまり, 全ての複雑な形は, すでにあったより単純な形から進化してきたという真実である。

This idea about evolution survived opposition, ridicule, refutation; and the reason of this persistence is that the idea harmonizes with one general conception of the world which has been called the monistic because it reduces all phenomena to community, and all knowledge to unity.

解説
  • reduce A to B「AをBに還元する」
英語構造解析

This ideaS1 about evolution survivedV1 opposition, ridicule, refutationO1; and the reasonS2 of this persistence isV2 that the ideaS’ harmonizes withV’ one general conceptionO’ of the world which has been calledV” the monisticC” because itS”’ reducesV”’ all phenomenaO”’1 to community, and all knowledgeO”’2 to unity.

日本語構造解析

進化に関するこのアイデアS1は, 反対, 嘲笑, 反論O1生き延びたV1。そして, この固執の理由S2は, そのアイデアS’は, それS”’すべての現象O”’1コミュニティーに対して, そしてすべての知識O”’2unityに対して還元するV”’ので, monisticC”呼ばれてきたV”ような世界の一つの一般的な概念O’harmonize withするV’ということだ。

意訳例

進化に関するこの考え方は, 反対, 嘲笑, 反論を切り抜けてきた。このように長く生き延びたのは, その考え方が主要な世界観の一つと調和していたからだ。その世界観とは, すべての現象や知識を共通のものとしてまとめ上げることから一元論と呼ばれてきたものだ。

This conception is irreconcilable with the rival, or dualistic, conception, which separates and opposes force and matter, life and body.

英語構造解析

This conceptionS is irreconcilable withV the rival, or dualistic, conceptionO, which separates and opposesV’ force and matter, life and bodyO’.

日本語構造解析

この概念Sは, 力と問題, 生命と体O’分断し反対するV’ようなライバルのつまりdualisticな概念Oirreconcilable withVである。

意訳例

この一元論は, 力と物質, 生命と体を別のものととらえる, 対立する概念である二元論とは相容れない。

The history of thought is filled with the struggle between these two general conceptions.

英語構造解析

The historyS of thought is filled withV the struggleO between these two general conceptions.

日本語構造解析

考えの歴史Sは, これらの2つの一般的な概念の間の奮闘O満ちているV

意訳例

考え方の歴史は, この2つの一般論の間で常に揺れ動いてきた。

I think it may be said that every man is somewhat by his training, and still more by his constitution, predisposed towards the monistic or the dualistic conception.

英語構造解析

IS thinkV itS’ may be saidV’ that every manS” isV” somewhat by his training, and still more by his constitution, predisposedV” towards the monistic or the dualistic conception.

日本語構造解析

Sは, 全ての人S”は, 多少彼の訓練によって, いまだにより彼の憲法によって, monisticまたはdualisticな概念に対してpredisposeされるV”ということ言えるかもしれないV’ということ考えるV

意訳例

あらゆる人は, 多少は訓練によって, しかしほとんどは生まれながらの性質によって, 一元論または二元論のどちらかの考え方に偏っていると言えるかもしれないと, 私は考えている。

There can be little doubt that the acceptance or the rejection of Darwinism has, in the vast majority of cases, been wholly determined by the monistic or dualistic attitude of mind.

英語構造解析

There can beV little doubtS that the acceptance or the rejectionS’ of Darwinism hasV’, in the vast majority of cases, been wholly determinedV’ by the monistic or dualistic attitude of mind.

日本語構造解析

Darwinismの受容または拒絶S’は, 事実の広大な多数派の中で, 心のmonisticかdualisticな態度によって, whollyに決定されてきたV’という極少の疑いSある可能性があるV

意訳例

ダーウィン的考え方を受け入れるか拒絶するかは, ほとんどの場合, その人の一元的または二元的な考え方によって全て決まってきたということに, 疑問の余地はほとんどない。

引用第3段落

And this explains, what would otherwise be inexplicable, the surprising ease and passion with which men wholly incompetent to appreciate the evidence for or against natural selection have adopted or “refuted” it.

解説
  • with which前後が分かりにくい場合は, 単純化して考える。the passion with which men adopt itは, 元の文に戻すとmen adopt it wiht passion「人は情熱的にそれを取り入れる」となることを意識して, 訳出する。
  • natural selection「自然淘汰」は覚えておきたい。
英語構造解析

And thisS explainsV, what would otherwise beV’ inexplicableC’, the surprising ease and passionO with which menS” wholly incompetent to appreciate the evidence for or against natural selection have adopted or “refuted”V” itO”.

日本語構造解析

そしてこれSは, さもなければinexplicableC’あろうV’もの, つまりそれとともに自然の選択に賛成または反対の証拠をwhollyに評価する競争力がないS”それO”採用または「反論」してきたV”ような驚くべき簡単さと情熱O説明するV

意訳例

このことは, 自然淘汰説を支持する証拠や矛盾する証拠を全く理解できないような人々がなぜ, 驚くほど簡単に情熱的に, その説を受け入れたり「反論」さえするのかということの説明になる。そしてこれは, 他の観点では説明できないと思われる。

Elementary ignorance of biology has not prevented them from pronouncing very confidently on this question; and biologists with scorn have asked whether men would attack an astronomical hypothesis with no better equipment.

英語構造解析

Elementary ignoranceS1 of biology has not preventedV1 themO1 fromfrom pronouncingdoing very confidently on this question; and biologistsS2 with scorn have askedV2 whether menS’ would attackV’ an astronomical hypothesisO’ with no better equipment.

日本語構造解析

生物学の初歩の無知S1は, 彼らO1この質問についてとても自信的に発音することdoing妨げてこなかったV1。そして, 生物学者S2軽蔑とともに, S’無のより良い装備とともに天文学の仮説O’攻撃するだろうV’かどうかということ尋ねてきたV2

意訳例

そのような人々は, 生物学の基本的な知識がないからと言って, この問題に対して自信満々に発言することをやめなかった。生物学者は軽蔑して, 同程度の乏しい知識で天文学の仮説にも反論するのか, と尋ねてきた。

Why not?

解説
  • 反語的含意を汲み取る。
  • 何故attackしないか?→いや(そんな人たちなら)attackするだろう, ということ。
英語構造解析

Why not?

日本語構造解析

なぜいいえ?

意訳例

そのような人々は, 対象が天文学であっても必ず口出しするだろう。

They feel themselves competent to decide the question from higher grounds.

英語構造解析

TheyS feelV themselvesO competent to decide the questionC from higher grounds.

日本語構造解析

彼らSは, 彼ら自身Oを, より高い地面から質問を決める競争力があるC感じるV

意訳例

彼らは, 自分にはより高い地点からその問題を決定できる能力があると感じている。

Profoundly convinced of the truth of their general conception of the world, they conclude every hypothesis to be true or false, according as it chimes with, or clashes against, that conception.

解説
  • convince A of B「AにBを確信させる」が受け身となり, A is convinced of Bとなり, さらに分詞構文となり, convinced of Bとなっている。
  • to beはたいていasなので, conclude A to be Bは「AがBであると結論付ける」と訳せる。
英語構造解析

Profoundly convinced ofV’ the truthO’ of their general conception of the world, theyS concludeV every hypothesisO to be true or false, according as itS” chimes withV”1, or clashes againstV”2, that conceptionO”.

日本語構造解析

深く世界のそれらの一般的な概念の真実O’確信させられるV’。そして, 彼らSすべての仮説O真または偽として結論付けるVそれS”あの概念O”chime withするV”1clash againstするV”2ようににしたがって

意訳例

彼らは自分の世界観が真実だと強く確信しているので, その世界観と調和するか対立するかに応じて, 全ての仮説を真であるか偽であるかを結論付ける。

引用第4段落

So it has been, so it will long continue.

解説
  • このsoは「だから」ではなく, 「そのように」で, 文頭に倒置されている。
  • so S Vは、前文を受けて、「本当にSVだ」。so V Sは、前文を受けて、「SもVだ」。
英語構造解析

So itS1 has beenV1, so itS2 will long continueV2.

日本語構造解析

それS1そのようあってきたV1それS2そのように長く続くだろうV2

意訳例

これまでもそうであったし, 今後もこの状況が長く続くだろう。

The development hypothesis is an inevitable deduction from the monistic conception of the world; and will continue to be the battle-ground of contending schools until the opposition between monism and dualism ceases.

英語構造解析

The development hypothesisS isV1 an inevitable deductionC1 from the monistic conception of the world; and will continue to beV2 the battle-groundC2 of contending schools until the oppositionS’ between monism and dualism ceasesV’.

日本語構造解析

発達の仮説Sは, 世界のmonisticな概念からの避けられない演繹C1ありV1, monismとdualismの間の反対S’やめるV’まで, 主張している学校の戦場C2あり続けるだろうV2

意訳例

進化の仮説は, 一元論的世界観からは必ず生じる推論であり, 一元論と二元論の対立が無くなるまでずっと, 意見を主張する学者間の論争の的であり続けるだろう。

For myself, believing in the ultimate triumph of the former, I look on the development hypothesis as one of the great influences which will by its acceptance, in conjunction with the spread of scientific culture, hasten that triumph.

解説
  • look on A as B = think of A as B = regard A as B
  • conjunction「連結, 結合」は難しめの単語だが, conやjuncなどから出来るだけ連想してほしい。con → common, connectなど, junc → junction, jointなど。
英語構造解析

For myself, believing inV’ the ultimate triumphO’ of the former, IS look onV the development hypothesisA asas one of the great influencesB which willV” by its acceptance, in conjunction with the spread of scientific culture, hastenV” that triumphO”.

日本語構造解析

私自身にとって, 前者の究極の勝利O’信じるV’。そして, S発達の仮説Aを, その受け入れによって, 科学的な文化の広がりと一緒のconjunctionの中で, あの勝利O”早くするだろうV”ような偉大な影響の一つB見なすV

意訳例

私個人としては, 一元論の最終的な勝利を信じているので, 進化論は, 科学文化の広がりとともにそれが受け入れられていくことで, 一元論の勝利を早める大きな一因になるだろうと考えている。

本文第2段落

Darwin seems to have liked Lewes’s observations on his work, for when he read this and other related pieces, he wrote to the journalist and encouraged him to publish them in a book form.

解説
  • コンマの後ろのforは理由を表す接続詞で, 「~というのは」と訳すのが定石。
英語構造解析

DarwinS seems to have likedV Lewes’s observationsO on his work, for when heS” readV” this and other related piecesO”, heS’ wroteV’1 to the journalist and encouragedV’2 himO’2 to publish themto do in a book form.

日本語構造解析

DarwinS彼の作品についてのLwewsの観察O好きだったようであるVというのは, S”これとほかの関連するピースO”読んだV”とき, S’ジャーナリストに対して書いV’1て, O’本の形式でそれらを出版するto doように勇気づけたV’2からだ

意訳例

ダーウィンは, 自分の著作に関するルイスの講評を気に入ったようだった。このことは, 彼がこの講評や他の関連する文章を読んだとき, そのジャーナリストに手紙を書き, 本の形で出版するように促したということからわかる。

Although from the point of view of today’s science what he says may be dated, Lewes remains a highly interesting writer.

英語構造解析

Although from the point of view of today’s science what heS” saysV” may be datedV’, LewesS remainsV a highly interesting writerC.

日本語構造解析

今日の科学の視点からS”言うV”ことdateされるかもしれないV’が, LewesS高く興味深い書き手Cあり続けるV

意訳例

現代科学の観点からすると, ルイスの述べたことは時代遅れかもしれないが, それでも彼は, 依然として非常に興味深い書き手である。

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